Modeling and simulations of high and hypervelocity impact of small ice particles

• A variational structure of ice impact with multiple coupled failure mechanisms. Phase-aware model finite deformation, inelasticity and phase-change. Lagrangian meshfree solutions hypervelocity particles. High-strain-rate response fracture, plasticity, melting/vaporization. We present a computational based on the Hot Optimal Transportation Meshfree (HOTM) method thermo-visco-elasto-plastic constitutive for high-fidelity simulation high small The competition combination among various energy dissipation mechanisms in density event, including fracture/fragmentation, phase change, are predicted by minimizing thermomechanical system’s potential within structure. Eigenerosion algorithm is incorporated HOTM to simulate crack nucleation, propagation, fragmentation. multiphase developed describe dynamic under extreme loading conditions, such as strain strain-rate hardening, temperature-dependent strength, pressure-dependent viscosity, diagram. proposed framework validated comparing experimental observations measurements from two ballistic tests at different rates. Numerical studies performed microscopic spherical particle( ⌀ 800 nm ) against Ti-6Al-4V plate velocities ranging 250 m / s 5000 an initial temperature 200 K . evolution modes projectile well captured result partitioning explicitly into fracture change moments. analysis demonstrates transition dominant mechanism due increasing input nature stress wave propagation. between presented configuration numerical studies, starts when velocity approaching thermal effects play critical role determining local deformation failure.